Apparatus for effecting smokeless combustion



Feb. 9, 1943. s. WIKARSKI I APPARATUS FOR EFFECTING SMOKELESS COMBUSTIONFiled Jul s, 1939 FIE-1.5

76 80/4 in dawn/a9 Patented Feb. 9, 1943 APPARATUS FOR EFFECTINGSMOKELESS COMBUSTION Stefan Wikarski, Warsaw, Poland; vested in theAlien Property Custodian Application July 8, 1939, Serial No. 283,510 InPoland April 1, 1939 4 Claims.

The known apparatuses for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotivefurnaces and the like do not give the desired results. Apart from theircomplicated, expensive construction, they are impractical by requiringinvolved, difficult servicing.

The present invention renders possible the construction of smoke-burningapparatuses which completely eliminate smoke during fuel combustion, aresimple and inexpensive in construction, and are easy to operate.

One form of smoke-burning apparatus constructed according to theinvention is illustrated in the enclosed drawing.

Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a steam control device embodying theinvention.

Fig. 2 is a view schematically showing the location of the secondary airblowers, the steam control device and the piping on the face of thefurnace.

Fig. 3 is a cross section of a steam supplying device for theutilization of spent steam.

The steam control device shown in Figs. 1 and 2 is adapted for automaticand manual operation of the secondary air blowers 8 and the boilerblower and also serves to regulate the flow of steam into the airblowers and boiler blower in accordance with the kind of fuel used. Theair blowers 8 are operated by means of the steam pipes I8, branchingfrom the pipe l8, connected through the steam control device and thepipe IS with the boiler (Fig. 2). The steam control device comprises sixchambers 20, 2|, 22, 23, 24, 25, an automatic valve 26, 21, 28, threehandoperated valves 29, 30, 3| and a return valve 32. The chamber 25 isconnected by means of the pipe 33 with the steam chest of the engine; aconnection also exists between the chamber 24 and the boiler blower bymeans of the pipe 34.

Live steam enters through the pipe I 9 into the primary chamber 20 fromwhich passages lead to the central chamber 23 and to the chamber 2|. Thepassage into the chamber 2| is closed by the valve 29. Upon opening thisvalve the steam passes through chamber 2| and the pipe l8 into the airblowers. When running on an opened throttle, valve 29 is opened by handeach time fuel is stoked and is left opened until the new layer of fuelreaches a glowing stage; it may also be left partially open when heavilysmoking coal is used.

While the throttle is open the passage to the central chamber 23 isclosed by the plug 26 of the automatic valve. This plug is forced upwardby the pressure of steam acting upon the plug base or heel 21, the steambeing admitted by the pipe 33 connected to the steam chest.

When the throttle is closed the pressure under the heel 21 decreases tobelow atmospheric pressure thus causing the plug 26 to drop. Live steamat boiler pressure then enters from the primary chamber 29 through theopened plug 26 into the central chamber 23, from which it passes throughtwo passages, to wit, through the opened hand-operated valve 3|, thechamber 24 and the pipe 34 into the boiler blower for the purpose ofmaintaining a draft in the fire-box; also through the openedhand-operated valve 30, the chamber 22, the return valve 32, chamber 2|,pipe l8 and its branches l8 into the secondary air blowers 8. The objectof the return valve 32 is to close the connection between chambers 2|and 22 and thus cut off the flow of steam into the air blowers throughthe permanently opened valves 30 and 3| when steam is admitted to thesecondary air blowers through the valve 29 after stoking fuel while thethrottle is opened.

The principal parts of the automatic valve are: the plug 26 having asmall diameter, the heel 21 having a relatively large diameter and anadjusting means 28 whereby the movement of the plug 26 is regulated.Boiler pressure acting upon the plug 25 tends to force it open. Thedifference in the diameter of the body of the plug 26 and its heel 21 issuch that the opening of the plug takes place only when the space underthe heel, connected with the steam-chest, is relieved of pressure by theclosing of the throttle.

When the throttle is opened the pressure of steam from the steam-chestupon the heel 21 forces the plug into its seat.

The adjusting means 28 terminates'in a head 28' which, when its stem isscrew-threaded in, impinges upon the heel 21 and prevents the plug 26from opening. This is necessary when the engine is idle for a longerperiod of time and the fuel is not smoking, at which time pressure inthe boiler would be uselessly increased by the uninterrupted action ofthe apparatus. If when desired the plug 26 fails to open for any reason(for example owing to soilage) the stem of the adjusting means 28 isscrew-threaded out; the head 28 then engages the abutment of the heel 21and opens the plug. By setting the adjusting means so that the head 28attains a desired distance from the bottom of the heel 21, the movementof the plug 25 can be regulated and through it the amount of steam foractivating the secondary air blowers and the boiler blower.

The valves 39 and 3| permit of freely adjusting the working capacity ofthe air blowers relatively to the boiler blower. I By opening the valve3| of the boiler blower more fully, more steam will enter that blowerand a lesser quantity to the secondary air blowers. The opposite takesplace when the secondary air-blower valve is opened more fully. By meansof these valves either the secondary air blowers or the boiler blowercan be shut off.

The apparatus constructed according to the present invention may also bearranged to utilize spent steam. To this end steam is admitted into thesteam control device through the pipe 35' (Fig. 3) by means of a steamsupplying device which is connected with the boiler through the pipe 19and with the source of spent steam through the pipe 35. If pressureexists in the steam chest the plug 36 is forced downwards, thus closingthe inlet of fresh steam connected with the pipe I i! and permitting theflow of spent steam from the pipe 35 through the opening 3'! into thepipe 35. If there is no pressure in the steam box fresh steam actingupon the lower end of the plug forces the plug 36 upwards, permittingfresh steam to flow from the pipe l9 through the chamber 33 into thepipe 35.

Having now described my invention. what I claim and desire to secure byLetters Patent is:

1. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces andthe like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boilerblower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control devicewhich includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance forsteam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primarychamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling saidport, a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steamchest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valveextends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casinghaving two additional chambers each having a port communicating withsaid central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said lastnamed ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted forconnection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamberprovided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers andhaving a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port forcommunication with the second of said two additional chambers, amanually operable valve controlling passage through the port betweensaid sixth chamber and said primary chamber, and a spring closed valvein said sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the secondof said two additional chambers.

2. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces andthe like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boilerblower and steam operated preheated air blowers: a steam control devicewhich includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance forsteam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primarychamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling saidport. a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steamchest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valveextends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casinghaving two additional chambers each having a port communicating withsaid central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said lastnamed ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted forconnection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamberprovided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers andhaving a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port forcommunication with-the second of said two additional chambers, amanually operable valve controlling passage through the port betweensaid sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a spring closed valve insaid sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the second ofsaid two additional chambers, and an adjusting means for regulating themovement of said automatic valve.

3. In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces andthe like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boilerblower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control devicewhich includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance forsteam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primarychamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling saidport, a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steamchest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valveextends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casinghaving two additional chambers each having a port communicating withsaid central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said lastnamed ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted forconnection with the boiler blower, said casing having a sixth chamberprovided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers andhaving a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port forcommunication with the second of said two additional chambers, amanually operable valve controlling passage through the port betweensaid sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a ring closed valve in saidsixth chamber for the port between that chamber a the second of said twoadditional chambers, and means cooperatively connected with the entranceof said primary chamber for admitting spent steam into said primarychamber.

4, In apparatus for smokeless fuel combustion in locomotive furnaces andthe like wherein are provided, a steam chest, a steam operated boilerblower and steam operated preheated air blowers; a steam control devicewhich includes a casing having a primary chamber having an entrance forsteam under pressure, a central chamber, a port between said primarychamber and said central chamber, an automatic valve controlling saidport. a chamber having an inlet adapted for connection with the steamchest of the locomotive and into which chamber said automatic valveextends for seating operation under steam chest pressure, said casinghaving two additional chambers each having a port communicating withsaid central chamber, a manually operable valve for each of said lastnamed ports, one of said additional chambers having an inlet adapted forconnection with the boiler blower, said casing. having a sixth chamberprovided with a port for connection to the preheated air blowers andhaving a port for communication with said primary chamber and a port forcommunication with the second of said two additional chambers, amanually operable valve controlling passage through the port betweensaid sixth chamber and said primary chamber, a spring closed valve insaid sixth chamber for the port between that chamber and the second ofsaid two additional chambers, and means cooperatively connected with theentrance of said primary chamber for admitting spent steam into saidprimary chamber, said last named means comprising an automatic valvedevice including a shiftable valve for passing either live steam orspent steam to said primary chamber, the said shiftable valve beingshiftable in one direction by live steam pressure and in the oppositedirection by spent steam pressure.

S. WIKARSKI.

